Voting Exclusion Clauses
Race-based voter rolls, poll taxes, and male-only franchises. Carrollton, Georgia still maintains a charter provision referencing race-based voter registration lists.
Cluster Atlas
Thematic groupings from 200 LLM-generated clusters across 9,623 municipalities
Education Segregation Holdovers
Separate-school mandates still on the books 70 years after Brown v. Board. Memphis's charter requires "separate schools … for white and colored children," among approximately 4 jurisdictions retaining such language.
Gendered Occupations
Gender-segregated employment structures across approximately 50 jurisdictions affecting 2.6 million residents. Holyoke, Massachusetts specifies gendered police roles in its municipal code.
Citizenship Licensing
Non-citizen exclusions from business licenses across approximately 500 jurisdictions affecting 16 million residents. The most widespread category of discriminatory provisions in the corpus.
Offensive Language
Slurs, anachronistic terminology, and dehumanizing practices across 30,584 provisions. Includes racial epithets persisting in code text, outdated disability terminology, and stigmatizing references.
Corpus Triage Queue
Sections awaiting expert adjudication after high-recall semantic and cluster filtering. These provisions require human legal review to determine discriminatory intent or effect.
Contested and Offensive Buckets
Dedicated hand-audit buckets separated from thematic cluster groupings for direct policy triage.